![]() Such experiments are conducted in a controlled laboratory environment. The researcher controls every external factor that can impact the dependent variable and can introduce bias in the experiment. These designs have an independent variable, a dependent variable, and a control group. Both experimental and non-experimental study designs have their benefits and drawbacks.Įxperimental study designs are based on testing a hypothesis. ![]() To decide whether to use experimental or non-experimental study design depends on the type of research question. Some types of retrospective-prospective studies are trend studies and before-and-after studies. These studies study a phenomenon that is already happened in the past and then introduce the intervention to the respondents and study future outcomes. Retrospective-prospective studies are long duration studies that study a phenomenon, situation, or event in the past and then apply this information to study its future. In prospected study designs the researcher has to be very cautious the sample size should not diminish during the study otherwise their study will become biased will be less accurate. During the study period they study the possible risk and protection factors to understand the disease. Researchers in the field of medical science study the prospects of a disease taking a specific sample. Prospective studies study the prevalence and outcome of a situation, event, or phenomenon in future. The researchers look for the data either in the form of print or other medium that is already present or they ask respondents who can recall the situation. They also make sure that they avoid all the chances of bias in their study. Retrospective study designs are often criticized for possible risk of biases to avoid this the researchers take sufficient sample size. Retrospective studies study an event, situation, or a phenomenon as it happened in the past.
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